editor’s foreword

this issue of the journal deals with the heritage of ancient civilizations that have flourished and endured more or less in the important areas of the ancient east; among the central asian countries where they are called the great khorasan and transoxiana and house different ethnic groups with different customs and beliefs, unique nature, precious reserves. people of the land have gone through a lot but they stood and finally endeavored to restore their rich heritage. additionally, india was a land that was part of the achaemenid state and a territory, under the influence of iran’s culture and art in the islamic days, with certain geographical characteristics, large population, peculiar rituals and customs, self-sufficient economy, and the most incredible country in the world that has been culturally survived for thousand years and displays ostensibly its glorious culture and eastern art to the world. issue 6 contains 4 articles drawing on a scientific-explorative journey to india, touching on some urban and social concepts in different parts of india. as for the cities, it addresses community spaces, justice and localization, vehicles, classic and organic views on india’s islamic tomb building. voice of iranian gardens, art and civilization in the ancient land of iran are incorporated into the free articles of the chapter with a report and analysis on the central asia. the investigations reach a conclusion by raising questions and views about culture and art which lay the foundations for future studies and could be condensed as follows; shared beliefs and religions of the ancient east, how they endured and their effect on social customs which appeared in different forms in iran, india and central asia.